Skip to content
Research Hub/AI Agent Security

AI Agent Security

OWASP Agentic AI, EU AI Act enforcement, and production guardrails

TL;DR

AI security transformed in 2026. OWASP released a dedicated Top 10 for Agentic Applications — distinct from the LLM Top 10 — because autonomous agents introduce fundamentally new risks. The EU AI Act is now actively enforced, with the first investigation launched into Grok. Lakera was acquired by Check Point for ~$300M, validating the market. The "Intent Capsule" pattern is becoming mandatory for serious agent deployments.

Updated 2026-02-066 sources validated6 claims verified

OWASP

Agentic AI Top 10 (2026)

OWASP GenAI Project

$300M

Lakera acquisition (Check Point)

Calcalist

EU AI Act

Active enforcement Feb 2026

European Commission

$22.4B

AI cybersecurity market (2023)

Market reports

01

OWASP Top 10 for Agentic Applications (2026)

OWASP released a new Top 10 specifically for agentic AI — separate from the LLM Top 10 — because agents that plan, persist, and delegate across tools create fundamentally different risks than single-model content generation. Developed with 100+ industry experts.

Prompt Injection

#1 Risk

#1 attack vector. "Intent Capsule" pattern is the mandatory defense — separate system instructions from user input.

Tool Misuse

Critical

Agents accessing resources beyond scope. Requires explicit tool permission systems and sandboxing.

Delegation Attacks

New in 2026

Manipulating agent delegation chains. Multi-agent systems amplify this risk.

Persistent State Manipulation

Emerging

Poisoning agent memory/context across sessions. Long-running agents are vulnerable.

02

Regulatory Landscape (February 2026)

Three regulatory frameworks are reshaping AI development. The EU AI Act is now actively enforced with the first investigation launched. California SB 53 mandates transparency from frontier AI developers. HIPAA is evolving to require bias auditing.

EU AI Act

Enforcing

Active enforcement since Feb 2025 (bans), Aug 2025 (GPAI rules). First investigation into Grok. Full compliance Aug 2026.

California SB 53

Active

Frontier AI developers (>$500M revenue) must disclose safety testing, third-party audits, and standards.

California SB 243

Active

AI watermarking mandate for synthetic content. C2PA standard adoption accelerating.

HIPAA AI

Healthcare

Covered entities must audit AI for bias, document training data, maintain accuracy metrics.

03

Defense-in-Depth Architecture

Production AI security requires four layers. The "Intent Capsule" pattern — treating all user inputs as untrusted and routing through rigorous validation — is the mandatory architectural requirement. A "no" from a guardrail is final.

Input Validation

Layer 1

Intent Capsule pattern, prompt classification, injection detection. Treat all inputs as untrusted.

Execution Guardrails

Layer 2

Tool permissions, rate limiting, sandboxing. Guardrail "no" is final — no override.

Output Filtering

Layer 3

PII detection, content safety, compliance checks, C2PA watermarking.

Audit & Monitoring

Layer 4

Decision tracing, anomaly detection, compliance reporting, human-in-the-loop triggers.

04

AI Security Market & Platforms

The AI cybersecurity market was valued at $22.4B in 2023, growing at 21.9% CAGR. Check Point acquired Lakera for ~$300M, validating AI-native security as a critical enterprise need. Guardrails platforms are becoming standard production components.

Lakera (Check Point)

$300M

Acquired ~$300M. Real-time GenAI security. Prompt injection detection, output scanning.

NVIDIA NeMo Guardrails

Open Source

Open-source guardrails framework. Programmable safety rails for LLM applications.

Pangea

API-First

Security APIs for AI applications. Authentication, authorization, audit logging.

Key Findings

1

OWASP released a dedicated Top 10 for Agentic Applications (2026), separate from the LLM Top 10

2

EU AI Act is actively enforcing — first investigation launched into Grok by European AI Office

3

California SB 53 mandates transparency and third-party audits for frontier AI developers (>$500M revenue)

4

Lakera acquired by Check Point for ~$300M, validating the AI security market category

5

The "Intent Capsule" pattern is becoming mandatory for production agent deployments

6

AI cybersecurity market: $22.4B (2023), growing at 21.9% CAGR

7

Four-layer defense-in-depth with human-in-the-loop triggers is the minimum for production security

Frequently Asked Questions

Prompt injection is the most common attack vector — adversarial inputs that override agent instructions to hijack behavior.

Sources & References